Little Antique Rare African Ibibio mask - Nigeria.

Hand carved from a single piece of wood, with color pigments.

Diameter: 20 cm.

This Ibibio mask is dated from begin 20th century and comes whit a certificate of authenticity.

Powerful Ibibio mask from Nigeria. The mask is made from wood and covered phembe (white clay).

The Ibibio people live in an area between the Delta an the Cross River of Nigeria. They live in villages led by a chief elected from the most honourable heads of the important families and Ibibio social life is regulated by three secret society which incorporate masks into their annual ceremonies. The Ibibio mask has a typical mouth that can move upside down. Good condition with traces of wear and tear. The downpart of the jaw has a crack in the wood.

Over two million Ibibio live in Nigeria, between the Delta and the Cross River. There are western Anang Ibibio and southern Eket Ibibio. The main economic staple in the region is the palm tree, the oil of which is extracted and sold to external markets. The Ibibio traditionally cultivate yams, plantains and maize. 

Ekpo is the Ibibio word for “ancestor,” as well as the name of the principal masking society, its masks, and the dances that commemorate the deceased. The members of the ekpo society play a political, legislative, judiciary, and religious role in the village. It is a graded association in charge of the ancestor cult and includes two types of masks: the first, the idiok, is ugly and evokes wandering spirits, as compared to the mfon, which is handsome and represents spirits who have reached paradise. White- and yellow-faced masks, mfon come out during daytime burial festivities honoring the recent dead, and also at annual agricultural festivals. 

Their dances are slow and graceful, with costumes made of many bright-colored cloths. Considered good and beautiful, mfon masks embody the souls of people whose lives on earth were productive and morally unblemished. These are not named ancestors, but rather the collective community of souls whose positive influence is welcome among the living. During the ceremony, young people personify the spirits, who have momentarily returned to the world of living. The idiok black masks, are often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws. They represent corrupt, amoral, ugly, and evil souls sentenced at death to perpetual ghosthood. They appear only at night, well after the pretty masks have retired. 

Costumed in unruly hanks of black-dyed raffia, they dance erratically, at times with deliberately wild movements to inspire terror in those they encounter. Many dark Ibibio masks have distorted facial features that are interpreted as advanced states of disfiguring tropical diseases.